Instrumentalization of LGBTQ+ When Mobilizing Populations in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

This research examines the instrumentalization of LGBTQ+ identities by governmental actors in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, exploring how these identities are utilized as political tools to mobilize populations, consolidate power, and distract from governance failures. Through qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with activists, media experts, and community members, the study captures the multifaceted challenges faced by LGBTQ+ communities in these two Central Asian states. In Kazakhstan, LGBTQ+ identities are frequently framed as threats to "traditional values" and national identity, leveraging Russian-inspired narratives to stigmatize and marginalize queer individuals. High-profile events, such as the debate over the "gay propaganda" law and attempts to label Feminita, an LGBTQ+ advocacy group, as an extremist organization, underscore how these narratives are employed to suppress dissent and divert attention from socio-economic crises, such as the 2024 floods. Similarly, in Kyrgyzstan, the introduction of the 2023 "Law on Measures to Prevent Harm to Children's Health" and the vilification of LGBTQ+ participation in events like the Women’s Day march illustrate how queer identities are exploited to rally conservative support and perpetuate authoritarian governance. Media narratives in both countries amplify these efforts, reinforcing societal stigma and deepening marginalization. Despite pervasive discrimination, grassroots organizations like Feminita, Kyrgyz Indigo, and Labrys continue to resist through advocacy and coalition-building, demonstrating resilience in the face of systemic oppression. This study highlights the urgent need for inclusive policies and international advocacy to counteract the instrumentalization of marginalized identities and promote human rights in the region. By examining the intersection of governance, societal attitudes, and LGBTQ+ rights, this research contributes to the broader understanding of identity politics in transitional societies.