A Multi-Country Study of Household Energy Saving Behavior: Evidence from Fergana Valley.

Abstract

The Fergana Valley in Central Asia faces energy shortages, impacting households and hindering economic development. This study investigates household energy-saving behavior in the region, analyzing factors influencing energy access, consumption, and conservation practices. Using data from a household survey conducted by the CAREC Institute in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank Institute, the study, published in 2024, reveals reliance on traditional energy sources and challenges in electricity access, particularly during winter. The findings reveal that while behavioral practices such as turning off lights and appliances are widely adopted, structural measures like insulation remain underutilized due to significant financial, informational, and infrastructural barriers. Key factors driving energy-saving behaviors include household income, education, and gender, with rural households demonstrating a greater need for insulation compared to their urban counterparts. This thesis presents actionable policy recommendations to address these challenges, including the introduction of targeted subsidies for energy-efficient technologies, the implementation of culturally tailored awareness campaigns, the provision of technical training programs, and strategic investments in renewable energy infrastructure. By bridging the gap between macro-level energy strategies and the practical realities of household behavior, this research offers a nuanced understanding of energy conservation dynamics in Central Asia. Its findings aim to guide evidence-based policies that advance sustainable energy practices, enhance regional energy resilience, and promote equitable development within the Fergana Valley.