Exploring gender disparities in migration intentions among Kyrgyz youth: evidence from the life in Kyrgyzstan data 2019

Abstract

This research aims to explore the determinants of migration intentions among Kyrgyz youth, emphasizing gender disparities and their implications for sustainable development. Utilizing data from the 2019 Life in Kyrgyzstan survey, this study examines how socio-economic, cultural, and political factors influence migration aspirations differently for young men and women. Employing probit, logit, and linear probability models, the research investigates key drivers such as traditional gender norms, regional disparities, and access to education, disaggregating the analysis by gender to reveal nuanced dynamics. Key findings demonstrate significant regional and gender-based variations in migration intentions. Young women’s aspirations are heavily influenced by societal norms and familial expectations, with restrictive gender attitudes acting as critical barriers. Conversely, young men’s migration decisions are more closely tied to economic opportunities and societal pressures to fulfill traditional provider roles. Regions like Jalal-Abad exhibit higher migration intentions due to limited economic opportunities, while urbanized areas display lower aspirations owing to better local conditions. The study contributes to the migration literature by integrating a gendered perspective and addressing gaps in Central Asian research. By emphasizing the role of cultural norms and gender-disaggregated data analysis, it provides actionable insights for policymakers. Recommendations include targeted economic development in high- migration regions, gender-sensitive educational programs, and initiatives to challenge restrictive societal attitudes. These findings underscore the need for inclusive policies that empower Kyrgyz youth to pursue opportunities within their homeland, mitigating brain drain and fostering sustainable national development.