Transport Poverty and Individuals’ Wellbeing, The Evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic

Abstract

This paper explores the significance of transportation systems in promoting societal progress and economic development. It emphasizes the crucial role of affordable and accessible transportation networks in eradicating poverty, reducing inequality, and ensuring access to essential services. The paper specifically examines the correlation between subjective well-being and "transport poverty" through a household-level study conducted in the Kyrgyz Republic. It highlights how the lack of affordable and reliable transportation options contributes to transport poverty, which exacerbates financial challenges, restricts access to livelihood resources, and negatively impacts health, education, and career opportunities. The study also notes a shift in the republic's transportation landscape, with a decline in public transportation usage and an increase in private vehicle ownership among its citizens. Furthermore, there is a noticeable decline in the quality of services provided by minibuses, commonly referred to as "marshrutkas," which is becoming increasingly apparent over time. This study aims to address a research gap by examining the relationship between transportation and subjective well-being in Kyrgyzstan, with a specific focus on the impact of poor transportation on individuals. Particularly, the study focuses on the most vulnerable population residing in rural areas, who bear the brunt of high transportation costs and limited access to public transport. To determine transport poverty, the study defines households as being in a state of transport poverty if they allocate 10% or more of their total expenditures towards transportation- related expenses. The presence of inadequate transportation options, limited public transit accessibility, high transportation expenses, lengthy travel durations, and inadequate security measures, especially for vulnerable groups, are all indicative factors contributing to transport poverty. By utilizing data from the nationally representative "Life in Kyrgyzstan" household survey, this study seeks to identify the determinants of transport poverty in Kyrgyzstan and explore its impact on individuals' subjective well-being. The ultimate goal is to enhance understanding of transport poverty in the country and provide insights into how it affects individuals' daily lives, economic activities, and overall well- being.