Transition of Tajikistan to Green Economy: Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency

Abstract

Green Economy is a new economic model, which ensures the effective production of the economy and contributes to the well-being of the population. One of foundation for the green growth is considered the energy sector. Energy sector in Tajikistan is taking a central place in economic and social development of the state. The main source of generating energy in the country is hydro resources, however the due to the climate conditions in winter periods the country is facing so called “winter energy crises”. Beside the hydro resources Tajikistan possess a huge potential of other non-hydro energy sources as solar, wind and biomass. The research aimed at analyzing the transition of Tajikistan to Green economy through the non-hydro renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. The main purpose of the research was to identify the main opportunities and challenges of the transition towards Green Economy. The qualitative, case study method was used in conducting the research. The information was collected by a form of interviews of related stakeholders. The related stakeholders included: experts of the energy/ renewable energy sector, current/potential investors, implementing agencies and beneficiaries/ customers. Several ongoing projects have been also analyzed for identifying the challenges faced and opportunities created. The results have showed that the transition to green economy created both economic and social opportunities. Among the economic opportunities are found, the creation of green jobs, and development of small micro enterprises in the project. The social opportunities created by transition are decreasing the impact of winter energy crises, increasing the educational level and technical skills of the population in the related field, promotion of gender equality. The environmental benefits include the adaption of the country to the climate changes. The main challenges identified were the financial, legislation, technical, and educational.