The Nexus Between National Security and Democracy in Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

Kyrgyzstan, a country with a history of political upheaval such as the Tulip Revolution in 2005 and the April Revolution in 2010, has faced ongoing challenges in establishing a stable democratic regime. These events often led to temporary democratic reforms but eventually reverted to authoritarian practices. The recent shift towards a presidential system has raised significant concerns about the future of democracy in Kyrgyzstan.

This research aims to investigate how national security policies influence democratic governance and civil liberties in Kyrgyzstan, particularly after 2020. It contributes to academic literature by focusing on contemporary policies and their immediate effects. The study's primary hypothesis is that national security policies implemented in Kyrgyzstan in 2024 negatively impact democratic governance and civil liberties. Alternative hypotheses consider the possibility of these policies being used to impose authoritarian regimes or, conversely, enhancing democratic practices by stabilizing the political environment.

The research employs process tracing and discourse analysis to uncover the causal mechanisms linking national security policies and actions by security forces to changes in democratic governance. Process tracing analyzes critical events and decision-making processes, while discourse analysis examines how national security and democratic principles are framed in public discourse and media coverage. This methodology ensures a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics between security and democracy.

The findings provide insights for scholars, policymakers, and international organizations, informing efforts to balance national security and democratic values. This research is particularly significant for understanding the specific challenges and dynamics in Kyrgyzstan and can guide international and internal efforts to support democratic governance and human rights in the region. By equipping civil society organizations with robust data and analysis, the study will also strengthen advocacy efforts for democratic reforms and challenge restrictive measures impacting civil liberties and political participation.