DSpace Collection:
https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/7
2024-02-19T17:02:39ZEvaluating the Role of Governance on Drinking Water and Sanitation Management: the Case of Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan
https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/167
Title: Evaluating the Role of Governance on Drinking Water and Sanitation Management: the Case of Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan
Authors: Uzakov, Mirsaid
Abstract: Uzbekistan is in the first place by the population in Central Asia and the Fergana
Valley is the most populated region in Uzbekistan, almost 30% of all population live
there. This proposed thesis aims to understand self-governance institutions and their
influence on water governance at the local level in Fergana Valley.
After the collapse of the USSR, the power of Moscow shifted to capitals of
Central Asian countries, as a consequence there was no anymore facilitator or
moderator for solving the problems such as water and sanitation in rural areas, assets
were transferred under the jurisdictions of a collective farms, but the problem that these
institutions had no capacity to solve drinking water and sanitation issues in the rural
areas. Moreover, in this period even well-equipped water networks started to collapse
because of the lack of sustainability, which became the reason for the development of
the water-borne diseases and shortage of water which is the potential threat for public
health. The attempts of the state to rehabilitated drinking water governance in rural
areas was limited with attention to the technical part, without involving the population
as a direct beneficiary into the decision making processes, thus social part and
management of the water-governance in rural areas were suffering because of lack of
sustainability and development.
The main methodology of the research was a survey among the rural population
and non-participatory observation of the rural water supply conditions along with the
analysis of water governance and legal regulations in Uzbekistan. Two types of villages
were chosen as an object of the research – village with centralised water governance
where water provision is under the responsibility of the state-owned organization and
village with decentralised water governance where water provision is organised by the
self-governance institution in the form of NGO. The main purpose of the survey was to
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understand the current position of the population regarding water supply and sanitation
in their villages under different governance strategies centralised and decentralised.
The results of the research work showed that the population lacks trust in their
self-governance institutions as a legal organization, but at the same time people believe
that changes are possible. Such factors as gender age and occupation of the people play
a role in the decision making processes and shape the common opinion about water
governance and self-governance institutions in rural areas. Analysis has shown that
there are not enough legal instruments for the development of the self-governance
institutions, low capacity of the rural population and lack of motivation for development
of the state-owned organization which is monopolist in drinking water provision and
management. Thus, the self-governance institution in the Fergana Valley influence the
water governance through the participation of the population, but the self-governance
institution as a legal organization which is state organization has a weak position for
decision making and hardly influence if the water and sanitation services under the
control of government organization.2019-01-01T00:00:00ZUkraine After the Revolution in 2014 : Changes and Challenges
https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/166
Title: Ukraine After the Revolution in 2014 : Changes and Challenges
Authors: Islam, Tusynbek
Abstract: After the revolution of 2014 in Ukraine, high expectations for development and
integration with the European Union have arisen both within and outside the country. The
EU and other organisations have made great efforts to support reforms in the country.
However, the level of implication of reforms was not at the expected level. This paper
reviews the development of the rule of law in Ukraine since the revolution of 2014, with
great support from external actors and attempts to answer the question: How Ukraine's rule
of law developed since the Ukrainian Revolution in 2014 and what is the relationship of
internal developments and external expectations? The Ukrainian development process had
many difficulties in the implication of the reforms, with all the support provided in aids and
with professional assistance from EU and other organisations. This paper conducts a case
study analysis of the development of Ukraine in the rule of law and the role of external
actors using capability trap theory framework. More specifically, this paper emphasises on
the anti-corruption and judiciary reforms development in Ukraine. The results show that
Ukraine's development potential was insufficient to implement the reforms that were
carried out in the rule of law and the design and order of the reforms that were created with
the assistance of the EU were questionable2019-01-01T00:00:00ZCentral Asian Regional Security Complex: the Role of Russia Through the Collective Security Treaty Organization
https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/165
Title: Central Asian Regional Security Complex: the Role of Russia Through the Collective Security Treaty Organization
Authors: Soliev, Doriyush
Abstract: The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) was created as post-Cold War
artefact for Russia. It united the majority of Central Asian countries under the patronage
of Russia. Nevertheless, the military organization never participated in real conflicts
demonstrating its military ineffectiveness especially during the internal conflicts in
Central Asia. Russia, as the strong global power still support such a burden as the CSTO.
The puzzle of the thesis was to identify why does Russia commit to the military alliance
in Central Asian context if it prioritizes bilateral relations with its regional allies. The
thesis uses the concept of Regional Security Complex (RSC) to address the question and
analyse the dynamics of Central Asian RSC in the context of Russia’s interests through
the CSTO. Thus the mini-case studies of North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Islamic
State, as well as critical discourse analysis of speeches of Russian president since 2010,
made to identify the patterns of amity and enmity constructed and developed by Russia
within the CSTO platform related to Central Asia.2019-01-01T00:00:00ZChina’s Policy of Political and Lending Conditionality: the Case of Chinese “Debt-trap Diplomacy” in Central Asia
https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/164
Title: China’s Policy of Political and Lending Conditionality: the Case of Chinese “Debt-trap Diplomacy” in Central Asia
Authors: Shamiev, Sherzod
Abstract: In 2018, a report came out stating that eight countries were at risk of falling into China’s
debt-trap. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan were among the eight countries that were reportedly
in risk of falling into a debt-trap. As a largest investor in Central Asia, China’s involvement
marked a turning point in economic development and infrastructure building throughout
its Post-Soviet history. The BRI’s creation of trade routes passing through Central Asia,
and infrastructure building offers many opportunities, however this development has
shown a worrying sign of smaller states becoming path dependent on China. Taking
ownership of natural resources, especially in Tajikistan is a signal that China is
conditioning the smaller neighbors that desperately needs infrastructure money, to give
access to natural resources. Consequently, the questions arise that might help us clarify
the exact situation and dispel the speculations. This thesis examines to what extent the
growing indebtedness of Central Asian states, and Tajikistan particular, through the Belt
and Road Initiative’s financing, is a sign of debt-trap diplomacy?2019-01-01T00:00:00Z