https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/7 Mon, 10 Nov 2025 06:24:12 GMT 2025-11-10T06:24:12Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/167 Title: Evaluating the Role of Governance on Drinking Water and Sanitation Management: the Case of Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan Authors: Uzakov, Mirsaid Abstract: Uzbekistan is in the first place by the population in Central Asia and the Fergana Valley is the most populated region in Uzbekistan, almost 30% of all population live there. This proposed thesis aims to understand self-governance institutions and their influence on water governance at the local level in Fergana Valley. After the collapse of the USSR, the power of Moscow shifted to capitals of Central Asian countries, as a consequence there was no anymore facilitator or moderator for solving the problems such as water and sanitation in rural areas, assets were transferred under the jurisdictions of a collective farms, but the problem that these institutions had no capacity to solve drinking water and sanitation issues in the rural areas. Moreover, in this period even well-equipped water networks started to collapse because of the lack of sustainability, which became the reason for the development of the water-borne diseases and shortage of water which is the potential threat for public health. The attempts of the state to rehabilitated drinking water governance in rural areas was limited with attention to the technical part, without involving the population as a direct beneficiary into the decision making processes, thus social part and management of the water-governance in rural areas were suffering because of lack of sustainability and development. The main methodology of the research was a survey among the rural population and non-participatory observation of the rural water supply conditions along with the analysis of water governance and legal regulations in Uzbekistan. Two types of villages were chosen as an object of the research – village with centralised water governance where water provision is under the responsibility of the state-owned organization and village with decentralised water governance where water provision is organised by the self-governance institution in the form of NGO. The main purpose of the survey was to 4 understand the current position of the population regarding water supply and sanitation in their villages under different governance strategies centralised and decentralised. The results of the research work showed that the population lacks trust in their self-governance institutions as a legal organization, but at the same time people believe that changes are possible. Such factors as gender age and occupation of the people play a role in the decision making processes and shape the common opinion about water governance and self-governance institutions in rural areas. Analysis has shown that there are not enough legal instruments for the development of the self-governance institutions, low capacity of the rural population and lack of motivation for development of the state-owned organization which is monopolist in drinking water provision and management. Thus, the self-governance institution in the Fergana Valley influence the water governance through the participation of the population, but the self-governance institution as a legal organization which is state organization has a weak position for decision making and hardly influence if the water and sanitation services under the control of government organization. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/167 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/166 Title: Ukraine After the Revolution in 2014 : Changes and Challenges Authors: Islam, Tusynbek Abstract: After the revolution of 2014 in Ukraine, high expectations for development and integration with the European Union have arisen both within and outside the country. The EU and other organisations have made great efforts to support reforms in the country. However, the level of implication of reforms was not at the expected level. This paper reviews the development of the rule of law in Ukraine since the revolution of 2014, with great support from external actors and attempts to answer the question: How Ukraine's rule of law developed since the Ukrainian Revolution in 2014 and what is the relationship of internal developments and external expectations? The Ukrainian development process had many difficulties in the implication of the reforms, with all the support provided in aids and with professional assistance from EU and other organisations. This paper conducts a case study analysis of the development of Ukraine in the rule of law and the role of external actors using capability trap theory framework. More specifically, this paper emphasises on the anti-corruption and judiciary reforms development in Ukraine. The results show that Ukraine's development potential was insufficient to implement the reforms that were carried out in the rule of law and the design and order of the reforms that were created with the assistance of the EU were questionable Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/166 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/165 Title: Central Asian Regional Security Complex: the Role of Russia Through the Collective Security Treaty Organization Authors: Soliev, Doriyush Abstract: The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) was created as post-Cold War artefact for Russia. It united the majority of Central Asian countries under the patronage of Russia. Nevertheless, the military organization never participated in real conflicts demonstrating its military ineffectiveness especially during the internal conflicts in Central Asia. Russia, as the strong global power still support such a burden as the CSTO. The puzzle of the thesis was to identify why does Russia commit to the military alliance in Central Asian context if it prioritizes bilateral relations with its regional allies. The thesis uses the concept of Regional Security Complex (RSC) to address the question and analyse the dynamics of Central Asian RSC in the context of Russia’s interests through the CSTO. Thus the mini-case studies of North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Islamic State, as well as critical discourse analysis of speeches of Russian president since 2010, made to identify the patterns of amity and enmity constructed and developed by Russia within the CSTO platform related to Central Asia. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/165 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/164 Title: China’s Policy of Political and Lending Conditionality: the Case of Chinese “Debt-trap Diplomacy” in Central Asia Authors: Shamiev, Sherzod Abstract: In 2018, a report came out stating that eight countries were at risk of falling into China’s debt-trap. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan were among the eight countries that were reportedly in risk of falling into a debt-trap. As a largest investor in Central Asia, China’s involvement marked a turning point in economic development and infrastructure building throughout its Post-Soviet history. The BRI’s creation of trade routes passing through Central Asia, and infrastructure building offers many opportunities, however this development has shown a worrying sign of smaller states becoming path dependent on China. Taking ownership of natural resources, especially in Tajikistan is a signal that China is conditioning the smaller neighbors that desperately needs infrastructure money, to give access to natural resources. Consequently, the questions arise that might help us clarify the exact situation and dispel the speculations. This thesis examines to what extent the growing indebtedness of Central Asian states, and Tajikistan particular, through the Belt and Road Initiative’s financing, is a sign of debt-trap diplomacy? Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/164 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z