https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/435 Thu, 06 Nov 2025 16:49:49 GMT 2025-11-06T16:49:49Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/455 Title: Microeconomic Determinants of the Energy Poverty in the Kyrgyzstan (2010-2012) Authors: Akunova, Zhumagul Abstract: Kyrgyzstan is categorized by being energy poor on the household level, especially in rural areas. Approximately 60% of the rural population uses traditional means of energy, use of traditional energy type suggests about energy poverty. Moreover, every third household is energy poor according to the sample of KIHS data. Considering that energy is necessary for daily life, reduction of energy poverty is important issue for states, international organizations, research centers, and by households itself. The reason for that expenditure on energy decreases other necessary expenditure, because necessity expenditure must be done in any way. For that reason, objective of the study is to investigate microeconomic determinants of energy poverty of the household in Kyrgyzstan. Hypothesis based on literature about energy poverty worldwide, which is economic determinants have higher and positive effect on energy poverty than social determinants in Kyrgyzstan. Micro level data (KIHS) from National Statistics of the Kyrgyz Republic will be used. For the panel data, binary probit method is the estimation method. Research found out that economic determinants exert insignificant positive effect on the energy poverty which suggest that income increase cannot deal with the problem of energy poverty. Hypothesis is rejected. The only and successful way to reduce energy poverty is infrastructural development such as “central heating system” which will provide household with accessible energy at affordable price. Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/455 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/454 Title: The Implementation of 8% Mortgage Policy and its Challenges: Mongolia Authors: Yadamsuren, Tumentsetseg Abstract: As Mongolians move from a nomadic culture to urbanization, housing issues are becoming more acute as the process of rural-to-urban migration and settlement intensifies. In line with this, the Government of Mongolia and the Central Bank of Mongolia have been jointly implementing the "Sustainable Mortgage Financing System Program" since June 2013 to support households with lower and middle incomes and improve the life quality of their citizens. This mortgage loan policy has been in place for the last eight years, yet it is still questionable whether this policy is serving its primary objective. Hence, the motivation behind this thesis work was to look into the applicability of the mortgage loan system and the accessibility of borrowers. More specifically, this paper aims at finding out the potential challenges that the program is facing in terms of customer service and loan adequacy. The paper used a mixed-method for its analysis. The study research design uses cross-sectional mixed methods to extract results from a semi-structured questionnaire. The OLS model was used to analyze the loan applicability based on the primary data collected through an online survey of people with long-term mortgage loans. Apart from the regression results, the qualitative component of the study has shown issues related to bank loan procedures and ongoing program implementation. The study is also intended to provide policy recommendations on the determinants impacting the level of mortgage loans at the governmental and regulatory levels, with the goal of addressing Mongolia's housing shortage and preserving a stable, competitive mortgage system. One of the key findings of the study indicates that removing the 30% down payment will not have a positive impact on the predicted mortgage loan, but rather will have a negative effect on it. Further studies are needed to identify specific macroeconomic factors affecting the effectiveness of the program. Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/454 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/453 Title: The Effect of Remittance on the Level of Enrollment to Universities during Covid-19: Evidence from Konibodom, Northern Part of Tajikistan Authors: Muhamadjonov, Suhrob Abstract: The effect of remittance in Central Asian countries especially Tajikistan has always been an area of interest for many researchers around the world. Remittance has its effect to all levels and spheres of economy. This research tries to see the effect of remittance on the level of enrollment to higher education during COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence from such kind of research in Tajikistan or worldwide have been scare due to sudden appearance of pandemic. This study aimed to see any effect of remittance to enrollment of school children to Higher education. As students cannot find a job and pay their tuition, remittance comes as a main source of income for majority of families. Pandemic has decreased the remittance so the research tries to see if the enrollment was decreased or not. The study was conducted in six Jamoats and a center of Konibodom, the Northern part of Tajikistan. By using purposive sampling technique, the study adopted a cross sectional mixed methods research design to derive results using a semi structure questionnaire. Logistic model was used to analyze the effect of remittance on enrollment rate, including effect of pandemic to financial statement of families, percentage of families income spent on education, dependence of families from migrants and whether parents have changed their initial plans of choosing college. A total of 114 sample size was used for the descriptive and model analysis. The study revealed that out of total number of households in all seven parts of Konibodom, 48% of respondents claimed that 50-80% of their income comes from remittance. 79% of respondents pay their students tuition from remittance. Despite the decline in remittance 85% of respondents were positive to enroll their children to college. During pandemic 50% of families used their savings, 22% sold cattle, 15% got loan from relatives and 12% took loan from Banks. Parents put education above everything. The study suggests to start saving money ahead of time, as they know their children will go to college. It will protect families from different instabilities. Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/453 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/452 Title: Impact of Education on Household’s Poverty Reduction in Afghanistan Authors: Karimi, Shazia Abstract: Poverty and income inequality is widespread across Afghanistan, since the country has gone through many socio-economic upheavals along the history. This study conducted to investigate what factors contribute to the poverty and which strategies can be used in order to alleviate poverty rate in Afghanistan. Thus, the study tends to examine the impact of education on household’s poverty reduction using secondary pooled data for the period of 2016 to 2019 in Afghanistan. Moreover, a number of demographic and socio-economic factors also considered to the model that might impact on household poverty. Data were collected through a national household survey by Asia Foundation. Probit regression model was applied for identifying the relationship between household’s individual education level and their poverty status. The result highlights that there is a negative and significant relationship between individuals education level and their poverty status. More precisely, one more year of education reduce the probability of living in poverty by 0.007 unit for an individual within the households in Afghanistan. Furthermore, being employed, land ownership, access to electricty and internet, living in big households, and belonging to Pashtun and Uzbek ethinicities, also reduce the probability of poverty for individuals Whlie, living in rurals, being female, and Hazara ethinicty increase the chances of poverty for them based on this study’s result. In order to improve education system and reduce poverty rate, the governmrnt should ensure secure educational environemnt and invest more on increase of educational institutions and quality of education throughout the country. Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/452 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z