https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/10 Thu, 06 Nov 2025 07:24:14 GMT 2025-11-06T07:24:14Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/412 Title: Assessing Maternal Health and Catastrophic Expenditure (Evidence from Logar, Kabul, Wardak, Nangrahar and Kapisa, Afghanistan) Authors: Stanikzai, Abdul Majeed Abstract: Assessing maternal health in conflict zones has always been an area of interest for researchers around the globe. However, evidence from such settings have been scare due to unfavorable security conditions. This study aimed at looking into accessibility & utilization of maternal health care and out of pocket spending in five provinces including, Logar, Kabul, Wardak, Kapisa, and Nangrahar in Afghanistan. By using purposive sampling technique, the study adopted a cross sectional mixed methods research design to derive results using a semi structure questionnaire. Logistic model was used to analyze cost related to maternal health including average monthly expenditure, child medical cost, intervention needed before and after the birth of the child, and catastrophic expenditure. A total of 350 sample size was used for the descriptive and model analysis. The study revealed that out of the total number of households in all five provinces in Afghanistan, 40% suffered from health catastrophe particularly for lower socio-economic status groups and those with higher out of pocket spending. 64% of the respondents in all five provinces didn’t have money on hand while visiting the doctor. Moreover, 38% of the respondents in five provinces had to use their saving, 18.86% of the respondents had to sell their livestock, 28.28% respondents borrowed from friends, land lords or relatives, whereas 13.43% of the respondents had to sell their land to cover the costs associated with utilization of maternal care. Around 33% of the respondents revealed that they never visited a doctor during pregnancy due to issues in accessibility and high cost of transportation and 10 % of the expecting mothers had still births due to unsuccessful delivery outcomes. Apart from the financial constraints, the qualitative component of the research revealed issues related to poor nutrition during pregnancy, lacking access to basic immunization for infants and better health care for infants and children during illness. The study suggests designing health care financing interventions with a focus on community-based health promotion and utilization programs to reduce the burden of out of pocket spending and improving the accessibility to maternal health care. Moreover, upgrading the existing health care facilities in the area will also help in improving the situation in the target area. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/412 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/378 Title: The Effect of Two-Tiered Residential Electricity Pricing Reforms on Consumption of Non-Energy Goods and Services in Kyrgyzstan Based on Kyrgyz Integrated Household Survey (2014-2016) Authors: Narbekova, Aidana Abstract: Due to the fact that electricity is relatively inelastic and consumers rely on it as a necessity rather than luxury, increase in electricity prices may affect consumers considerably especially in the short run. Some households are relatively flexible by acquiring more efficient electrical appliances or shifting to other sources of energy while for some group of people it is quite costly to do so. They would rather compensate for increased cost of electricity by reducing consumption of other goods and services from the consumer basket which are relatively elastic. This paper evaluates the impact of two-tiered electricity price increase reform on consumer well-being by analyzing the consumption basket structure. I analyze the effect of the electricity tariff hike on the households’ consumption expenditure patterns, by using various regressions, including the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), the fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) methods for each consumption basket category for the aggregated consumption based on Kyrgyz Integrated Household Survey for 2014, 2015 and 2016. The results suggest that the policy effect on the consumption of non-food category was positive, suggesting that household welfare was not reduced. However, new tariff reforms are associated with a decrease in demand for the durable goods category. The effect on the housing and food expenditure categories is insignificant. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/378 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/53 Title: The Effect of Corruption on Firm’s Performance: Case of Tajikistan Authors: Atobekova, Afsona Abstract: Corruption is among the list of obstacles for businesses in Tajikistan, and hence the area of study of current paper is to assess the impact of corruption on firm performance, particularly firms in retail, manufacturing and other sectors. The aim is to study if paying informal gifts to court, tax and tax collection, customs and imports have negative or positive affect on the total annual sales under the named sectors. It is also interesting, if corruption in Tajikistan has the effect of ‘greasing the wheels’ or is it ‘sand in the wheels’ based on the results of studies of background literature. According to the result of regression of current paper, the effect of corruption on retail, manufacturing and other sectors differs by sectors and by type of informal payments. For instant, in retail sector to pay informal payments in general has negative impact, where paying informal payment to customs has positive and statistically significant affect. For manufacturing sector, paying informal payments to deal with court has negative impact on total annual sales of firm in the sector, whereas for other sectors, paying informal payments to tax and tax collection has negative impact on total annual sales. In both cases the coefficient is statistically significant. Hence the paper concludes that, even if corruption has positive impact on some sectors, still it should be continued to fight and new ways and methods for fighting corruption should be put into practice. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/53 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/40 Title: Early Marriage Leads to High Fertility Rate and Lower Education Based on Kyrgyzstan Integrated Household Survey (2016) Authors: Ismail kyzy, Zhursun Abstract: We can see that women who are married and have children have less time for education. Current research is done to see if early marriage leads to higher fertility and lower education of women in Kyrgyzstan. To see the result a model is used to regress early marriage on high fertility. Data is used from Kyrgyz Integrated Household Survey for 2016. In the result it is expected to see that early married women have more children and lower education. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/40 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z