https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/601 2025-11-08T13:52:05Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/621 Title: Digital Diplomacy and Nation-Building: Analyzing the Role of External Actors in Shaping Language Policies and Language Use in Kazakhstan Authors: Lapin, Yevgeniy Abstract: This research delves into the intricate interplay between language policy and nation-building in the context of Kazakhstan. It offers a comprehensive analysis of how diplomatic missions strategically employ different languages, such as Russian, Kazakh, and English, to achieve various diplomatic objectives. The study employs a multi-faceted approach, combining quantitative analysis of digital communications with qualitative examination of public and media discourse. One of the central findings of this research is the shifting emphasis on the Kazakh language within diplomatic communications. This shift is attributed to a confluence of geopolitical changes and societal trends, including a growing sense of national identity and pride associated with the Kazakh language. The study explores how this transformation is reflected in diplomatic messaging and its reception both domestically and internationally. The theoretical and background chapters of this paper provide a robust foundation for the research, offering a comprehensive review of existing literature on language policy, nation-building, and diplomacy. They delve into the historical context of language use in Kazakhstan, tracing its evolution from the Soviet era to the present day. Theoretical frameworks are explored, drawing from sociolinguistics and political science, to elucidate the complex relationship between language, identity, and diplomacy. Additionally, the chapters examine the methodologies and data sources used in the study, ensuring transparency and rigor in the research process. This contextual backdrop primes the reader to appreciate the significance of the subsequent analysis, framing it within the broader academic discourse on language, diplomacy, and nationhood. In conclusion, this study underscores the pivotal role of language in digital diplomacy and the nation-building process in Kazakhstan. It highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of the strategic use of language in diplomacy and its broader implications for a country's identity and global interactions. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the role of language in shaping nations and provide valuable insights for policymakers and diplomats operating in multicultural and multilingual contexts. 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/619 Title: Pride & Prejudice on the Relationship of True Faith, Muslim Attire & Social Advantages Authors: Atenbekova, Tokzhan Abstract: This master thesis aims to analyse the relationship between Islam and Muslim attire in the context of gaining social advantages. Thus, the study examines the motives and drivers behind women’s choice to wear hijab. The research consists of in-depth analysis semi-standardised expert interview, participant observation and focus groups based on purposive sampling divided by age factor with twelve respondents who anonymously shared their personal experience on embracing Islamic teachings and practices that include transforming conventional dressing style to Muslim attire, particularly hijab. The discourse collected during focus groups and participant observation was analysed utilising a theory development approach that contains a constructed set of concepts. The developed theory was identified by meticulously scrutinising existing literature on relevant topics. Thus, the set of concepts on three components such as a sense of belonging and identity, a sense of security and a sense of welfare based on the work of P. Bourdieu, A. Giddens, T. Risse, T. Börzel and J. Migdal, etc. was introduced. The empirical study revealed the following diverse results: the concepts of security and belonging were completely reflected and aligned with the theory set, whereas the sense of welfare was partially approved by the participants, while in some cases the interlocutors raised unexpected and even surprising factors such fear of death. 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/618 Title: The Role of International Human Rights Standards for Ensuring Rights of People Deprived Their Liberty Authors: Madrakhimov, Zokhidzhon Abstract: This thesis examines the role of international standards in ensuring rights of people deprived their liberty. This topic is important and attracts the attention of many people in Kyrgyzstan. Rule of law and human rights in criminal proceeding relate to social, legal, political, psychological and medical issues. The consequences of violation of the rights of people deprived of their liberty affect their life. Victims may lose their health or even become disabled. Law enforcement organs, which must serve to protect people, should prevent violations and create conditions for the safety of people under investigation or imprisonment. In international law, attitude to those deprived of liberty are considered from the perspective of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. International humanitarian law applies during armed conflicts, while international human rights law is concerned exclusively with states. This thesis examines, from the perspective of international human rights law. In different political regimes, rule of law in criminal proceedings is ensured at different levels and has different effects. In non-democratic regimes cases of violation may remain unknown or hidden, and victims cannot report because they fear for their safety. Through acceding to international organizations and treaties, states undertake obligations to comply with international standards in the field of human rights. However, how these international standards and norms effect legislation and practice remains not enough explored. This thesis examines how international human rights standards influence and contribute for ensuring rights of persons deprived of liberty in Kyrgyzstan. 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/617 Title: Evaluating the Impact of an Image of the Enemy on the Population’s Perceptions of Preventive Wars Authors: Tyan, Sergey Abstract: The social construction of an image of enemy is important for a party of a conflict, with no regard to its military or economic might. The construction of such an image becomes especially important when planning and conducting a preventive war It justifies aggression, generates hostility towards the enemy, strengthens emotional resilience, secures international support, weakens the enemy alliance, undermines morale, and reduces the opposing nation's will for conflict. Hence this issue must not be neglected by an attacking party. Similar to such conventional means of war as small arms, combat aircraft, warships, tanks, etc. produced to physically destroy the enemy’s combatants, transport, and infrastructure, the image of an enemy constructed by propaganda can be an effective mean of waging war against the enemy. The efficiency of weapons can be measured by counting its firepower, destructive effect, armor, speed, and other technical specifications. But, to what extent is it possible to evaluate the impact of the created image of an enemy on the minds of the target audiences? Using mixed method of analysis, and an in-depth case study of the war between the Soviet Union and Finland (1939-1940), I propose a three-level model of evaluation of the impact of constructed enemy image. 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z