https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/434 2025-11-14T01:21:50Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/478 Title: OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine: Keeping it Ripe for Resolution Authors: Zhorokulova, Zhibek Abstract: This study aims at analyzing the role of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (OSCE SMM) in contributing to the resolution of the conflict in and around Ukraine. While most of the academic literature is focused on the assessment of the efficiency of OSCE, conflict management, and analysis of possible scenarios, there is little attention paid to the topic of conflict resolution. To test the hypotheses, the data on infrastructure and ceasefire violations were examined and how they relate to the I. W. Zartman’s theory of ripeness. l The study attempts to apply a new approach to the ripeness theory by analyzing the emerging causes of the conflict, their impact on the possibility of conflict resolution, and the mechanisms that mediators could use in order to manage the mentioned causes. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/477 Title: The Full Withdrawal of the United States Military Forces from Afghanistan and Power Transformation Authors: Sarmast, Zarlasht Abstract: This thesis analyses the impact of the United States military forces withdrawal from Afghanistan, its impact on Afghanistan, lives of people especially women and of youth. In addition to that, the research focuses on the transformation of power from mainly the U.S. forces and previous Afghan government to the Taliban. Afghanistan is going through almost the same situation it did after the Soviet Union withdrew its forces from the. When the Biden administration announced a full withdrawal of the U.S. military forces from Afghanistan in February 2021, there was a fear among Afghan political leaders and the citizens, especially women. However, no one thought the situation would become this divesting and chaotic in the speed that it did. The thought among people and political leaders was that things will get bad but no one knew the transition would be far from smooth and very dangerous. My research focuses on the main question that is probably in all of our thoughts at this moment: America spent about 20 years in Afghanistan, spent a tremendous amounts of money and according to the U.S. government they did have a strategy to fight the Al-Qaeda and Taliban groups and defeat them. Taliban are obviously not defeated, they are in control of the entire territory of Afghanistan. Why and how after 20 years of hard work, blood of thousands of people Afghanistan is back to square one? What is the longer term impact of the current changes on Afghanistan? What are the potential implications on the international system? 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/476 Title: Endogenous and Exogenous Perspective on Regionalization in Ferghana Valley: Security and Economic Cooperation Authors: Niyazgulov, Timur Abstract: When it comes to border issues in Central Asia, Ferghana Valley region becomes the main subject of discussion due to its complexity and historical background. The roots of the border issues themselves trace us back to the Soviet times where the central power tried to diversify the region and avoid establishment of homogeneous communities. The collapse of the USSR opened a pandora box, where states had difficulties with processes of demarcation and delimitation, which by itself created a vast range of disagreements among the states based on territorial disputes. Moreover, Central Asia states were somewhat similar to the states that faced post-colonial rule as the central power was based outside of the region, it became difficult for states to consolidate as there was no potential leader among them. Following the collapse of the USSR, most of the Central Asian states focused on building up their own states from scratches while the level of nationalism was at the raise. The problem of border issues has been a central problem in the process of building bilateral relations. These research focuses on Ferghana Valley, where there are numerous amounts of enclaves and has a lot of disputed territories that play a key role in tensions due to scarcity of resources especially water resources. This Thesis focuses on the regionalization process through building security community in the region by increasing economic ties through implementation of the programs based on existing regional organization’s approaches on regionalization and regionalism, which have potential to create better conditions and safer environment for stability in Ferghana Valley. In it also important to mention that due to recent political changes in Afghanistan, the security community theory plays a crucial role in analyzing the existing regional association and they modernization under the current circumstances. Finally, the analysis of various factors and theories lead to the point where it is possible to state that Central Asian states are in the process of regionalization despite the fact that there are some tensions among them. 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://mt.osce-academy.kg/handle/123456789/475 Title: Different Political and Ideological Preferences among Kyrgyzstani Youth as a Reason for Their Polarization during Political Crises Authors: Toksombaeva, Symbat Abstract: After the parliamentary elections in October 2020 in Kyrgyzstan and the announcement of their results, people, which included mainly youth, went to a protest and demanded the annulment of the election results. Further, this initially peaceful protest rally developed into a physical clash of the protesters with the security forces, then, on October 9 between the protesters themselves. This was called the clash between "balkonskie" and "zhertamovskie", which is a rough division into urban and rural. In this thesis, I argue that in the Kyrgyzstani context, to consider the polarization of youth only on the basis of urban-rural division is insufficient, and there is political and ideological basis of that. Likewise, this work is a contribution to the Mudde’s theory that populism is a thin ideology. The main research method is qualitative, which includes semi-structured in-depth interviews. There were collected 21 interviews by participants in the October 2020 protests, which were analyzed through the prism of the economic condition of the interviewees, their reasons for participating in the protests, political preferences during the parliamentary elections of 2020 and subsequent elections, as well as their attitude towards the populist ideas of Japarov. 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z